Immutability (almost)

almost is a utility that provides on-demand immutability by toggling the immutability of files and directories in the system root. It also provides a way to create layers on top of immutable directories, allowing you to test changes before committing them.

How it works

Immutability in almost is obtained by setting the i flag on all files and directories in the system root, except those that are used to store software configuration files and the user’s home directory (/home, /etc, /var).

The same can be achieved using the chattr command, but almost provides consistency by restoring the default state of the system after a reboot, and with additional features to better manage immutability, e.g. launching a command while temporarily disabling immutability.

On-demand immutability

This is called on-demand immutability as it can be enabled or disabled at any time. Immutability is meant to be used as a safety measure to prevent accidental changes to the system, so it should be kept enabled most of the time.

Due to its nature, almost is ready to use and works on all filesystems and configurations.

The name

The name almost comes from the fact that it is not a full-fledged immutability solution, but rather a tool to help you achieve it, while still being able to make changes when needed.

What it is not

almost has no support for snapshots. Every change made to the system is permanent and can only be reverted by restoring from a backup or downgrading the system. To avoid this, you should always test your changes using layers before committing them. The only reason to disable immutability would be to edit a configuration file which is not in the common directories or to install drivers. Disabling the immutability during an application or library installation is not recommended. Use apx, Flatpak, Snap or AppImage instead.

Usage